Page 97 - MetalForming October 2016

The Science of Forming
mation were gained, after 5 yr., the final friction answer was, “Cannot track CoF.” There are so many constantly changing CoF combinations that the numbers have no meaning.
Members of the North American Deep Drawing Research Group con- ducted a series of friction tests (Fig. 2) on six steel grades using six different lubricants and five different friction modes. The tests indicated only one trend: A lubricant that worked well with tests A, B and C did not work well with tests D and E, and vice-versa. The data indicated that the A, B and C fric- tion tests constantly received new material. Fresh sheetmetal and lubri- cant were fed into the deformation zones and then continuously replaced by more fresh material and lubricant. Friction conditions for D and E were just the opposite. The starting material and lubricant enter the low areas and are not replaced. MF
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