Page 41 - MetalForming December 2016
P. 41
The Science of Forming
Precise
Airless S
Spr Lubrication
0.30 Excellent strain gradient reduction
0.25 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.05
Higher FLD
TRIP 350/600 DP 350/600 HSLA 350/450
00 5 10 15 20 25 30 Engineering Strain (%)
L
ay
very high n-
value of 0.25
over a strain
range of 0.10-
to 20-percent
engineering
strain. The 0.25
n-value is com-
parable to vac-
uum-degassed
interstitial-free
steels at a yield
stress of less
than 25 ksi.
HSLA, DP and
TRIP steels are shown in Fig. 3 for high yield strengths of 50 ksi. Additional data have shown the same perform- ance at much higher yield strengths.
The metallurgical interactions with- in advanced high-strength steels are not only complex but are constantly-
o dis
dis
pe
me
nt pump
st
place
e
ns
It’
og
t
us
as
, non-f
g
ng
saf
o
aneo
i
, ins
t
ant
handle heavy v
i
Fig. 3—The instantaneous n-values for three 50-ksi-yield-strength
c
s as
steels being deformed over an engineering-strain range from 0 to 26 percent. WorldAutoSteel—AHSS Application Guidelines—Ver. 5.0
ic
changing the n-value. Instead of a sin-
gle n-value for each type of steel, data must indicate the ‘instantaneous’ n- value as shown in Fig. 3. The n-values also have a direct bearing on the form- ing-limit diagram and the ability to stretch sheetmetal. MF
i
os
y lub
s
t
r
ant
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MetalForming/December 2016 39
Instantaneous n-Value
